Bju Chemistry 4th Edition Chapter 4 Test Review

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BJU Chemistry Ch 4

Bob Jones Chemical science - Chapter 4

Term	Definition
blastoff particle	The nucleus of the helium atom (two protons, two neutrons) produced as the past-product of a nuclear disuse procedure.
anion	A negatively charged ion.
cantlet	A neutral particle with a centrally located nucleus, consisting of protons and neutrons, with electrons effectually it; the smallest particle that makes up an element and that is capable of chemical interactions.
atomic number (Z)	The number of protons in the nucleus of an atom.
Aufbau principle	The principle that the electron configuration of an atom builds on those of lower diminutive number. The electrons fill the sublevels in the order given by the diagonal rule.
azimuthal quantum number (l)	The number that defines the symmetrical shapes that are arranged around the nucleus and that electrons may be found in; sometimes called the sublevel breakthrough number.
cathode rays	The stream of electrons emitted from the cathode in a cathode-ray tube.
cation	A positively charged ion.
continuous spectrum	A complete visual spectrum with no frequency gaps emitted just by an platonic luminous object.
de Broglie's hypothesis	The concept that if waves can comport like particles, then particles can also acquit like waves.
electron	A particle with a -1 charge and a mass of ix.11 x 10 -31 kg found orbiting the nucleus in an cantlet.
electron configuration	The arrangement of electrons in an atom: a number indicates the principal free energy level, a letter indicates the sublevel, and a superscript denotes the number of electrons contained within the sublevel.
electron dot annotation	A chemical symbol with surrounding dots representing the valence electrons of an atom.
electron-spin quantum number	The number that describes the two possible "spin" states of a pair of electrons in an orbital.
ground country	An cantlet'southward lowest energy land.
Heisenberg uncertainty principle	The principal that it is impossible to know both the free energy or momentum (velocity) and the exact position of an electron at the same fourth dimension.
Hund's rule	The rule stating that electrons make full a sublevel by placing a unmarried electron in each orbital before adding a 2nd electron to whatever orbital.
isotope	One of ii or more atoms of the same element with the same number of protons (atomic number) merely with unlike numbers of neutrons.
isotopic notation	A naming convention used to distinguish between different isotopes of elements. It includes the element's symbol, atomic number, and mass number and specifies the exact composition of an atom.
police force of definite limerick	A law stating that every compound is formed of elements combined in mass ratios that are unique for that compound.
line spectrum	A spectrum showing just certain colors or wavelengths of light.
magnetic breakthrough number (m)	The number that defines the spatial orientation of the orbitals inside a sublevel; sometimes called the orbital quantum number.
mass number (A)	A whole number equal to the sum of the protons and neutrons in an atom.
neutron (due north)	A neutral particle in an atom's nucleus. It has a mass of 1.675 x 10 -27 kg, slightly greater than the mass of a proton.
nucleus	The dense fundamental part of an atom made up of protons and neutrons. Information technology contains virtually all the cantlet's mass but only a pocket-sized portion of its volume.
orbital	A three-dimensional region of space around a nucleus in which as many every bit two electrons are likely to be plant. Orbitals make upwards sublevels.
orbital notation	An expression that represents the main energy levels, sublevels, and orbitals for all the electrons in an atom using dashes and half arrows.
Pauli exclusion principle	The rule that an orbital can hold only 2 electrons with opposite spin, resulting in a unique set of four breakthrough numbers for every electron in an cantlet.
photon	A packet of electromagnetic energy modeled as a particle that transmits electromagnetic force in the standard model of matter.
principal energy level	A region around the nucleus containing a specified group of electrons in sublevels and orbitals.
principal quantum number (due north)	The number indicating the main or primary energy level in which an electron is plant.
proton	A particle in an atom's nucleus with a +ane accuse and mass of 1.673 10 x -27 kg.
quantized	Having to exercise with quantities in which in that location are just divide, detached values allowed.
quantum number	Four numbers that depict the location of an electron in an atom.
sublevel	A portion of a chief free energy level fabricated upward of one or more orbitals.
unified atomic mass unit (u or amu)	A small unit of mass equal to one-twelfth the mass of the nucleus of a carbon-12 atom, or approximately the same size as a proton or a neutron. This unit of measurement is used to represent the mass of atoms and molecules.
valence electron	One of the electrons commonly plant in the highest or outermost free energy level of a neutral atom. They are loosely bound and are responsible for an atom'south chemic beliefs.

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Source: https://www.studystack.com/flashcard-2555574

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